Everything You Could Ever Want to Know About Magnets

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Alnico magnets are usually composed of aluminum, nickel and cobalt and sometimes also contain copper and titanium.  Made of hard and brittle material, sometimes Alnico can be tough to rework.  You can have alnico manufactured in a number of shapes such as cylinders, horseshoes, blocks, discs, rings and rods.  Alnico magnets have relatively high energies and high residual inductions and are manufactured through casting or sintering processes.  The process of casting involves pouring a molten metal alloy into a mold and processing it through various heat-treated cycles. When manufacturing magnets sintering is often used, which is a process used to combine two main materials combined by melting them down until they stick to each other. Sintering alnico results in a fine alnico powder that is then compacted in a press. Alnico magnets provide many benefits. In addition to being affordable and strong they can also resist extremely high temperatures and they are able to keep their magnetic qualities for a long period of time.  Overall, alnico magnets are a good choice for a variety of industrial and consumer applications..
A chemical compound of iron oxide and ceramic is the basis of ceramic ferrite magnets.  Ceramic ferrite magnets are made using a process of pressing and sintering ceramic and magnetic powders. In sintering, two main materials are heated until they stick together. Described as being hard and brittle, ceramic magnets are affordable to produce.There are two types of ferrite magnets – hard and soft ferrites.  The differences between hard and soft ferrite magnets is not in the density of the material, as the terms hard and soft suggest, instead the difference lies in the intensity of the magnetic field needed to demagnetize the magnets.  The difference between hard and soft ferrite magnets is that hard ferrite magnets need a more intensive magnetic field to de-magnetize. There are many practical uses of ceramic magnets whether at school, at home or in the workplace.  For example, ceramic magnets are unique in that they can be applied to flexible fabrics, making them great for crafts and decorative purposes.  Ceramic magnets are affordable and have a wide variety of uses.  
Of all the rare earth magnets neodymium is the most popular because of its affordability and strength.  Rare earth magnets are strong, permanent magnets which do not easily lose their magnetism and is the reason they are considered permanent.  Developed over 40 years ago, rare earth magnets are still the strongest type of permanent magnet available.  Rare earth magnets are normally made of rare earth elements like cobalt, nickel and iron.  A coating or plating is often applied to rare earth magnets because they are generally brittle and often break, chip or corrode.  The two types of rare earth magnets are Neodymium and Samarium-cobalt.  The strongest of all permanent magnets is neodymium, which is even stronger than alnico, samarium-cobalt or ferrite magnets.  The term rare earth magnet is misleading, in fact neodymium is not made of rare elements at all, it is composed of common elements like boron, iron and neodymium which are commonly found and is why neodymium is not expensive to produce. Neodymium magnets are used in many different fields such as health, electronics, mechanics, industrial and security sectors.  
High energy strip magnets use a nitrile rubber base to make increase their resistance to oils and acid, which is why they are such a powerful type of flexible magnetic strip.  Magnet energy refers to the stored energy in a magnet, and is often measured in MGOe (megagaussoersteds).  High energy strip magnets are available in 1.1 through 1.6 MGOe, making them more powerful than normal flexible magnetic strips.  Magnetic strips have adhesive backing, are often laminated and come in many different shapes and sizes.  Flexible magnetic strips will stick to any ferrous surface, can be cut to size, are available in many sizes and shapes and are ideal for laminating and punching.  Magnetic tape can be used in many different ways around your home, work or school.  Magnetic tape is really useful – on the front is an adhesive face and the back has a magnetic face.  The versatility of magnetic tape means that it can be used in a variety of applications.  
Block magnets are durable and are a good choice for industrial settings.  Consider the types of conditions and the purpose you will use a magnet for before you decide on the magnet’s composition. You should use a rare earth magnet instead of an alnico or ferrite magnet if you are looking for a magnet for heavy duty or industrial use.  In addition to the strength of the magnet you need to consider the temperature and keep in mind that some magnets lose or maintain magnetism at different temperatures. Finally, consider how difficult (or easy) it is to demagnetize the magnet type you choose as the basis for your block magnet.  Depending on the need, you may want to choose a magnet type that is difficult to demagnetize.